Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg In Austria

Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg - Austria

Salzburg has preserved an extremely rich urban structure, developed in the period from the Middle Ages to the 19th century when it was a city-state ruled by a prince-archbishop. Its flamboyant gothic art attracted many artists and craftsmen for the city became even better known by the work of the Italian architect Vincenzo Scamozzi and Santini Solari, to whom the city center of Salzburg owes much of its Baroque appearance. This meeting point of northern and southern Europe, perhaps caused the genius of Salzburg's most famous son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose name is connected with the city.

Wonderful Universal Importance

Salzburg is an excellent example of a ecclesiastical hailing, which are inherent in the Holy Roman Empire, of Prussia to Italy. Most of the disappeared as a political and administrative units in the beginning of the 19th century and has alternative routes in development. No other example of this type of political organism has survived as fully, with conservation of the urban structure and individual buildings which a remarkable degree as Salzburg. Salzburg is the point where the Italian and German cultures met and has played a crucial role in the exchange between these two cultures. The result is a Baroque city that has arisen from the history intact, and an exceptional tangible evidence of a certain culture and period. The city center of Salzburg owes much of its Baroque appearance of the Italian architect Vincenzo Scamozzi and Santino Solari.

The Salzburg skyline, against a backdrop of mountains is characterized by an abundance of towers and domes, which is dominated by the fortress HohenSalzburg. It contains a large number of buildings, both secular and ecclesiastical, of very high quality from periods ranging from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century. There is a clear separation, visible on the ground and on the map, between the estates of the Prince-Archbishops and that of the bourgeoisie. The former is characterized by its monumental buildings - the Cathedral, the place of residence, the Franciscan Abbey the Abbey of St Peter - and the open spaces, the Domplatz in particular. The burghers' houses, on the other hand, are in small plots and on narrow streets, with the only open spaces by the three historic markets. Salzburg is rich in buildings from the Gothic period, combined with a cityscape and urban fabric of great individuality and beauty. Salzburg is also closely linked with many important artists and musicians, studies among them Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Salzburg has played a crucial role in the exchange between Italian and German cultures, resulting in a flowering of the two cultures and long-term exchanges between these countries. Salzburg is an exceptionally important example of a European ecclesiastical hailing, with a remarkable number of high quality buildings, both secular and ecclesiastical, from periods ranging from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century. Salzburg is remarkable for the associations with the arts, and in particular with music, in the person of his famous son Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Integrity

The historic center of Salzburg contains all important elements that the ecclesiastical hailing. The coherence is vulnerable to the adverse effects of new developments in the buffer zone and setting

Authenticity

The center of Salzburg has its historic townscape and pattern to a high degree. Against the background of the surrounding hills, the architectural monuments such as the Cathedral and the Abbey Nonnberg retained their dominant role on the skyline.  

Wide Report

Salzburg is of exceptional universal value as an important example of a European ecclesiastical hailing that preserves to a remarkable degree its dramatic townscape, historically important urban structure, and a large number of excellent ecclesiastical and secular buildings from various centuries. It is preserved a very rich urban structure, developed from the Middle Ages to the 19th century when it was a city-state ruled by a prince-archbishop. Its flamboyant gothic art attracted many artists and craftsmen for the city became even better known by the work of the Italian architect Vincenzo Scamozzi and Santini Solari, to whom the city center of Salzburg owes much of its Baroque appearance.

The skyline of the city, against a backdrop of mountains, is characterized by an abundance of towers and domes, which is dominated by the fortress Hohensalzburg. There is a clear separation, visible on the ground and on the map, between the estates of the Prince-Archbishops and that of the bourgeoisie - the former characterized by monumental buildings and open spaces, the last on small plots apartment block on narrow streets, with the only open spaces by the three historic markets.

Salzburg is rich in buildings from the Gothic period, combined with a cityscape and urban fabric of great individuality and beauty. The cathedral (St Rupert and St Virgil) is the pre-eminent ecclesiastical building and the spiritual center. Archaeological excavations during the reconstruction after heavy bomb in the Second World War, there appeared to be many of the predecessors of the present building, back to its foundation in the 8th century as a three-aisled basilica. The second church, in the same form, but much larger, was built in 1181, but this was almost destroyed by fire in 1598, to be replaced by the current structure. The original plan was the work of Vincenzo Scamozzi, a pupil of Andrea Palladio; the current building, the work of Santini Solari, the court master builder, jams much of Scamozzi's features.

The Benedictine Abbey of St Peter, founded in the last years of the 7th century, contains in its church the only High Romanesque structure in Salzburg, often dating back to the early 12th century. The main part of the church has various changes since the 12th century. Of special importance are the cemetery and catacombs of the abbey. The Nonnberg Benedictine nunnery is the oldest monastery in the north of the Alps, founded around the same time as the Abbey of St Peter. This huge complex, on the eastern summit of the Mönchberg, is a striking feature of the village, with a dominant church roof and Baroque dome.

The Hohensalzburg Fortress, a Roman structure on this steep rock fan overlooks the city, was replaced by a wooden fortress in the Middle Ages. The first stone building dating back to the early 12th century, and this is extended with towers, bastions and outer wards in the 15th century. Large-scale rebuilding and extension work were at the beginning of the 16th century, and remained until the late 17th century. The creation of the archbishop's Residence, which began in the early 12th century, is located in the heart of the old town. The current layout data for the major refurbishment carried out by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau in the first years of the 17th century. The buildings are grouped around two courtyards. In addition to the architectural heritage Salzburg is particularly noteworthy for the associations with the arts, and in particular with music in the person of his famous son Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Historical Data

No doubt because of the location on the narrowest point of the Salzach valley and shelter for between mountain ridges, Salzburg was the site of a major prehistoric settlement and was the obvious choice for a Roman settlement municipium, either Claudium Juvavum , on the intersection of three important Roman roads.  As a secular counterweight a ducaI palace was built between the ecclesiastical district and the river. The early medieval development of the city was in the area between the palace and the river. Churches then proliferated and academics were attracted to the town.

Two important events took place at the end of the 10th century. The abbacy and archbishopric was divided into 987 and 996 the civil city was the right to levy tolls and markets. In 1077 Archbishop Gebhard built fortress Hohensalzburg Fortress, as a symbol of his power. The city continued to grow, spreading along a north-west street parallel to the river. Solid stone walls were built in the 1120s, to replace the old wooden Palisades. The growing city was destroyed by fire in 1167 and a major reconstruction of the cathedral took place. Later medieval fire led the citizens to replace their wooden houses with large stone buildings of the burgher hall at Inn-Salzach type. With the advent of the Gothic period 1300 church and outdo Owners see their city. The late-Gothic art of Salzburg acquired fame that went much further than the town itself, and many famous artists lived and worked there in the 15th and 16th century.

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, who was appointed Archbishop in 1587, converted the whole city, point the hurt pride of the residence and the cathedral, with its structures. Salzburg escaped the devastating consequences of the Thirty Years War in the first half of the last century, partly because of the new defenses added by Archbishop Paris Lodron, partly because of the archbishop's Smart policy of neutrality. He was responsible for the foundation of the university in 1622. In this period of prosperity the bourgeoisie copied the style of the Royal buildings in the drastic refurbishment of their houses. The townscape was improved in the last years of the 17th century with the arrival of the baroque style, used for a number of notable buildings and a series of monumental fountains that grace the squares of Salzburg. This period also saw a flowering of the city as a cultural center of the lighting. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756 and lived there until expelled by the Archbishop of the time, Number Of Hieronvmus Colloredo.

Ecclesiastical line terminated with the Napoleonic Wars in 1803 and was a voter, Berchtesgaden, Passau and Eichstatt; the first ruler was Ferdinand sick of Tuscany, driven from his own Grand Duchy. The war was disastrous for the economy of Salzburg, which has for decades been to restore. It was only when the railway was built between Salzburg and Linz, extending to Munich, which began to improve, with the arrival of investors from Bavaria as well as elsewhere in Austria. There was a renewed increase in activities in a building that is still in this century, culminating in the buildings of the Festspielhaus. Salzburg had of aerial bombing in the Second World War. The post-war reconstruction was accompanied by enlargement and a number of leading works of contemporary architecture were added to the city's rich supply of many periods.

Source:whc/unesco