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| National Park Rapa Nuiin - Chile |
Wonderful Universal Importance
Rapa Nui national park is a protected Chilean animal and wildlife world-area laid in the Easter island which concentrates the legacy of the Rapa Nui culture. This culture showed unusual qualities which are expressed in the unique architecture and sculpture within the Polynesian connection. Easter island, the most distant inhabited island on the planet, is 3,700 kilometers of the coast of continental Chile and has an area of 16,628 hectares, while the world heritage property takes an area of about 7000 hectares including four nearby islets.
The island was settled in at the end of the first millennium of the Christian calendar by a small group of colonists of eastern Polynesia whose culture commented between the eleventh and seventeenth centuries in big works like ahu - ceremonious platforms - and carved moai - gigantic statues - showing of forefathers. Rapa Nui national park the most prominent attributes are the archaeological sides. It is estimated that there are about 900 statues, more than 300 ceremonious platforms and thousands of structures linkedly with the agriculture, burial rites, lodging and production, and other types of activities. Prominent under the archaeological pieces it are moai which apply by the height of 2 ms to 20 ms and are carved mainly by the yellow-brown lava tuff, an easy Auswahlen (toki) done from hard basalt using, and then below the slope in before dug holes lowered.
There are many kinds of them and different dimensions: those in the process to be carved those in the process, to be moved to her final destinations - ahu-, those which torn down and are put up. The stone quarries (Rano Raraku and other) are incalculable proofs of the process of her Schnitzens. Ahu change substantially in the size and form; the most gigantic one is the Ahu Tongariki with his 15 moai. There are certain invariable qualities, in particular an upraised rectangular platform of big worked on stones fullly with remains, a ramp often paved with around done beach pebble stones, and flattened area before the platform. Also extremely valuably are the rock-art sides (the pictograms and petroglyphs) which enclose a big variety of styles, technologies and motives. Other archaeological sides are the caves which also contain rock art. There is also a village of the ceremonious nature called Orongo which comes out because of his position and architecture. While it has not drawn so much attention,
According to certain studies the exhaustion of mineral resources had caused an ecological crisis and the decline of the old Rapa Nui society from the 16-th century which made in addition bend and to the spiritual transformation in which these megalithic monuments were destroyed. The original cult of the forefather was substituted with the cult of the man's bird which has the ceremonious village of Orongo, laid in the Rano Chewing volcano as an unusual report. 54 half-subterranean stone houses of elliptical plans complement this holy place, richly decorated with petroglyphs which leads on the man's bird as well as on fertility. This cult would see his end in the middle of the nineteenth century.
Colonization, the introduction of the livestock, the restriction of the original inhabitants to smaller areas, the dramatic effect from foreign illnesses and, above all, slavery, reduced the population of Rapa Nui not enough more than 100. At the moment the island is inhabited by descendants of the old Rapa Nui as well as immigrants of different backgrounds, for a significant mixing population responsibly being.
Wide Report
Rapa Nui contains one of the amazing cultural phenomena in the world. An artistic and architectural tradition of the big power and imagination was developed by a society completely in isolation from cultural outside influence of every kind for about a millennium. The essential one remains from this cultural mixture with her natural surroundings to create a unique cultural scenery. The island was put all around A.D. 300 of Polynesians probably by the Marquesas who completely brought Stone Age society with them. All cultural elements in Rapa Nui before the arrival of Europeans register that there were no other incoming groups. Between the 10th and 16-th centuries breitete to itself the island community firmly, settlements from which are put up along the practically complete coastal line. The highly cultural level of this society is known by his gigantic stone figures (moai) and ceremonious shrines (ahu) best of all; this is also notable for a form from pictographic which writes (rongo rongo), till present undeciphered one. However, there was an economic and social crisis in the community in the 16-th century, ascribing of the overpopulation and environmental decay. This ran out to the population which is divided into two separate groups of clan who in the war were enclosed constantly. The warrior's class which developed from this situation caused the so-called bird's expert-cult, being based on the small islands of the coast Orongo which substituted for the statue building religion and threw below mostly and slighted most moai and ahu.
On Easter Sunday in 1722 Jacob Roggveen of the Dutch East India Company bumped into the island and gave him his European name. It was added to Chile in 1888. The most famous archaeological qualities of Rapa Nui are moai as one believes who represent holy forefathers who watch over the villages and ceremonious areas. They apply by the height of 2 ms to 20 ms and are carved mainly from scoria, an easy Auswahlen (toli) are made by hard basalt using, and then lowered below the slope in before dug holes. Several moai are still in an incomplete condition in the stone quarries, valuable information about the method of the manufacturing giving. Some have confessed big cylindrical pieces of the red stone as pukao, pulled out from the small volcano Punapao as a headdress: as one believes, this special ritual status registers. There is a clear stylistic evolution in the form and size moai, from earlier small, round-headed and with big eyes figures to the best of all known big, extended figures with carefully carved fingers, nostrils, long ears, and other qualities.
The shrines (ahu) change substantially in the size and form. There are certain invariable qualities, in particular an upraised rectangular platform of big worked on stones fullly with remains, a ramp often paved with around done beach pebble stones, and flattened area before the platform. Some have moai on them, and there are tombs in several them in whom Skelett-bleibt, have been discovered. Ahu are laid in general on the coast and oriented parallel in addition. The Orongo ceremonious village which was probably the center of a Komplexs of religious practise linked with the bird's expert-cult exists of more than fifty half-subterranean stone houses built in groups bordering each other, laid on the edge Leading crater of Kay under a high cliff. There is richly remains from the stone houses of the earlier inhabitants of the island built (hare). The houses were raised on the basalt foundation and form the core for linked structures like stoves or stoves, farm buildings and stone chickens houses. Close to the coast laid clusters of homes are sometimes combined with round stone towers. The nature of the geology of the island in such which is many caves (Ana) around the coast of the island and these were used in the past by the islanders as temporary from lasting apartments, are converted by the establishment of stone walls in her mouths. Several contain these wall paintings of divinities, birds and fertility symbols.
Historical Data
Rapa Nui was put all around A.D. 300 of Polynesians probably by the Marquesas who completely brought Stone Age society with them. All cultural elements in Rapa Nui before the arrival of Europeans register that there were no other incoming groups; they exclude many hypotheses which have been brought forward with regard to the settlement of South America, Melanesia, Egypt, or elsewhere. According to the island tradition the settling exploratory expedition was led by fifty people in two canoes of the king Hotu Matu'a. Between the 10th and 16-th centuries breitete to itself the island community firmly, small settlements from which are put up along the practically complete coastal line. The highly cultural level of this society was high, and is known by his gigantic stone figures best of all which developed from this situation, caused the so-called ' bird's expert ' cult, being based on the small islands of the coast Orongo which substituted for the statue building religion and was instrumental in most moai and ahu which is thrown below and slighted.
On Easter Sunday in 1722 Jacob Roggeveen of the Dutch east society of India bumped into the island, and gave him his European name. The Spaniards, led by the Kapitän-Don Felipe Gonzalez, demanded the island in 1770, it San Carlos to honor of Carlos III calling. The famous English researcher, captain James Cook, was short there in 1774, and his big French contemporary, the Comte de la Perouse in 1786. Whale catchers began to visit the island at the beginning of the 19-th century, with them venereal illness bringing which laid waste the population. However, the most disastrous influence on the society of the island and culture came in the 1860s when Peruvian slave traders carried away about 2000 islanders, including the king and the priests in 1862. As a result of public protests about 100 of them on a ship to be taken back to the island in 1865 were brought. However, fallow smallpox aboard and only fifteen islanders from who are survived to return to Rapa Nui, with them the illness bringing which led this to an epidemic. The island was added through Chile in 1888 in the belief that it had strategical and economic potential, but the mainland farmers who sat down there found that agriculture was not gainful. A sheep ranch was successful temperately, but the rent of the society which leads this operation was revoked in 1952, and the Chilean navy took control of the island. In the 1960s civil management, Easter island which is given the status of a department within the province by Valparaiso was continued. Now the population is approximate 2000 people, about one third of them of Chile and the rest descendants of the original Polynesian colonists.
Source:whc/unesco
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