Angkor – Combodia

Angkor – Combodia 

Short Report

Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-east asia. Stretching over approximately 400 km2, including wooded surroundings, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the splendid ruins of the various capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. They have the famous Temple of Angkor and Angkor Thom, the Bayon, residing in Temple with its numerous sculptural decorations. UNESCO has a broad program to safeguard this symbolic place and its surroundings.

Wonderful Universal Importance

Angkor, Cambodia in the northern province of Siem Reap, is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-east asia. It stretches over approximately 400 square kilometers and consists of dozens of temples, hydraulic structures (wash basins, dikes, reservoirs, canals) as well as local roads. For several centuries Angkor, was the center of the Khmer Kingdom. With impressive monuments, several old urban plans and large water reservoirs, the site is a unique concentration of functions in support of an exceptional civilization. Temples, such as Angkor, Bayon, residing in Preah Khan and the Ta Prohm, exemplars of Khmer architecture, are closely connected with their geographical context as also a symbolic significance. The architecture and layout of the consecutive uppercase witnesses of a high level of social order and ranking within the Khmer Rouge Empire. Angkor is therefore an important site symbolic cultural, religious and symbolic values, as well as with a high architectural, archaeological and artistic importance. The park is occupied, and many villages, some of whom are the ancestors dating from the Angkor period are spread over the park. The population practices agriculture and more specifically rice.

Wide Report

Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-east asia. The contains the splendid ruins of the various capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. The influence of Khmer art, as developed in Angkor, was a deep one for a large part of South-east Asia, played a fundamental role in its striking evolution. Khmer Rouge architecture developed largely from the Indian subcontinent, where it soon became clear to distinguish with the development of its own specific characteristics, a number of independent evolved and others acquired from neighboring cultural traditions. The result was a new artistic horizon in oriental art and architecture.

At the beginning of the 9th century the two member states that the territory of modern Cambodia were united by Jayavarman II, which the foundations of the Khmer Empire, the main power in south-east Asia five centuries. One of the sites is in central Cambodia, north of Tonle Sap (Great Lake), where half a century later Jayavarman son Yashovarman, was to Yashodapura (later called Angkor), the permanent capital of the Khmer Empire to the 15th century.

The first was inconsistent with the classic form of Khmer capital of certain basic elements: a defensive bank and closed with a temple in the middle, built from stone and a wooden palace. Also, there are many ancient buildings, built almost entirely of wood in and around the enceinte was partly retained. The temple of Roluos, The Bakong temple and built in memory of the royal ancestors, Preah Ko, were constructed around 880. Another important feature of a Khmer capital, a large reservoir, was added a decade later, with in the middle a third temple constructed in the north-west of Roluos, around the hill of Phnom Bakeng, Now known as the Eastern Baray.

The second capital at Angkor was built by Rajendravarman in the 960s, the temple of Pre Rup. He built a temple, the Eastern Mebon, on an artificial island in the middle of the East Baray. During his reign he built the magnificent temple Banteay Srei. Rajendravarman son Jayavarman V, abandoned the Pre Rup grounds in favor of a new location with the temple of Ta Kev, which was inaugurated in 1000. Some time later he was marketed by Suryavarman I, who was responsible for the massive fortifications around its Royal Palace and the temple, the Phimeanakas and also the construction of the great Western Baray.

In 1050 his successor a new and more impressive temple, the Baphuon. The successive rulers few traces in the form of monumental buildings, and it was not until the accession of Suryavarman II in 1113 that the next major phase of building began. He was responsible for the largest of all Khmer monuments, Angkor, within a comprehensive housing and dedicated to Vishnu. The death of Suryavarman II, around 1150, was followed by a period of internal unrest and under pressure from the outside in 1177 with the bag of Angkor by the Chams. The situation has now been restored by Jayavarman VII, which celebrated its military success by the setting up of a new capital at Angkor Thorn and the introduction of a unique building campaign. The temple was the towering Bayon, residing in dedicated to Buddha. Another important element of the Angkor complex is the irrigation system of the region based on the large reservoirs, the economic infrastructure for the successive Khmer capitals and their rulers.

Historical Data

At the beginning of the 9th century A.D. the two member states that the territory of modern Cambodia were united by Jayavarman II. He explained that the basis of the Khmer Empire, which was the main power in south-east Asia almost five centuries. One of the sites where the court for a few years was in central Cambodia, north of Tonle Sap (The Large Lake), where half a century later Jayavarman son Yashovarman, was to establish Yashodapura, the permanent capital of the Khmer Empire to the 15th century. The name was Later Angkor (from the Sanskrit 'nagara', city or capital).

The first was a capital on the last day Roluos, itself a pre-Angkorian capital Hariharalaya. This conformed with the classic form of Khmer capital. This consists of a few basic elements: a defensive bank and closed with a temple in the center built in brick or stone, and a wooden palace. Leading dignitaries also build temples, both within and outside the enceinte was partly retained, which were dedicated, such as the temple, Hindu gods, in particular Shiva. Also, there are many ancient buildings, built almost entirely of wood in and around the enceinte was partly retained. The temple of Roluos, Bakong and the temple built in memory of the royal ancestors, Preah Ko, were constructed around 880. Another important feature of a Khmer capital, a large reservoir, was added a decade later, with in the middle a third temple. Lolei.

Yashodapura was built in the north-west of Roluos, around the hill of Phnom Bakeng. The area is a square, each side measuring 4km, and it was equipped with a large reservoir (baray) measuring 7 km to 1.8 km, now known as the Eastern Baray. The temple was built on the top of Phnom Bakeng around 900. After a short period as the capital of the Khmer Rouge were transferred to Koh Ker, 60 km northeast of Angkor, the second capital city of Angkor well was built by Rajendravarman in the 960s. The temple is located on Pre Rup. He alsoconstructed a temple, the Eastern Mebon, on an artificial island in the middle of the East Baray. During his reign the Rajendravarman guru built the magnificent temple of Banteay Srei, approximately 25 km northeast of Angkor.

Rajendravarman's son. Jayavarman V, abandoned the Pre Rup grounds in favor of a new location. With the temple of Ta Kev. Which was inaugurated in 1000. Some time later he was marketed by Suryavarman I, who was responsible for the massive fortifications around its Royal Palace and the temple, the Phimeanakas and also for the construction of the great Western Baray, which extends over an area of 8x2.5km. In 1050 his successor a new and more impressive temple, the Baphuon, north of the temple. The successive rulers few traces in the form of monumental buildings, and it was not until the accession of Suryavarman II in 1113 that the next major phase of building began. He was responsible for the largest of all Khmer monuments, Angkor, within a comprehensive housing and dedicated to Vishnu. Among other important monuments from this time, Thommanon and Chau say Tevoda.

The death of Suryavarman II around 1150 was followed by a period of internal unrest and under pressure from outside closed in 1177 with the bag of Angkor by the Chams. The situation has now been restored by Jayavarman VII, which celebrated its military success by the setting up of a new capital at Angkor Thorn and the introduction of a unique building campaign. Bayon, residing in the temple was the towering (dedicated to Buddha): one of the many other monuments of Jayavarman VII's reign are Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Ta Sum and Banteay Leeks. This is not the grandeur of this capital that has thought of Jayavarman VII the successors to replace it. And there were no large monumental additions between his death around 1200 and the end of the Khmer Empire in the first half of the 15th century.

The Angkor group, including Roluos and Banteay Srei, to be treated as an ensemble that have increased steadily in the last three centuries, Masterpieces such as the Angkor Bayon, residing in and must be seen in their context and integrated with the temples and other structures, in particular the large reservoirs. It is also important to take account of the fact that the area of jungle between the stone monuments constitute a reserve of buried archaeological remains of enormous importance in the research and the interpretation of Khmer culture. Another important element of the Angkor complex is the irrigation system of the region based on the large reservoirs, the economic infrastructure for the successive Khmer capitals and their rulers. A . ~-

Source:whc/unesco