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| Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park |
Short Report
The importance of this park is derived from the wealth of flora and fauna. The vast savannahs are home to a large variety of different types: black rhinoceroses, elephants, cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs, red facade gazelles and buffalo, while different species of waterfowl are to be found in the northern floodplains.
Wonderful Universal Importance
With a surface area of 1,740,000 ha, Manovo-Gounda St. Floris is the largest park in the Central African savannah. Spread across the two ecological zones, Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park owes its importance to its rich flora and fauna. It is the home of many endangered species, such as the black rhino, elephant, hippopotamus and red facade gazelle-as well as large concentrations of herbivores. This Park is an interesting example of a 'crossroads', where the type of savanna communities of East and West Africa, as well as those of the forest communities in the South, cross paths. The Park is an important area for the study of ecological changes in the Sahel and Sudan under pressure of drought and overgrazing.
The Manovo Gounda St Floris National Park contains exceptional natural formations. The Park borders on Sudano-Sahelian and Sudano-Guinean biogeographical zones. This results in a variety of habitats from grasslands in the north to savannas with gallery forests in the south. The property includes the entire watershed of three major rivers (Manovo Gounda, Koumbala and) with green meadows and wetlands. The plains are dotted with small granitary inselbergs in the south with the rugged sandstone massif of the Bongo'S ,. This expansive Park, surrounded by hunting areas and with a functional corridor to the National Park of Bamingui-Bangoran , protects the largest steppes of Central Africa. It is a unique example of this type of ecosystem, the home of viable populations of different types of typical of this part of Africa and others from East and West Africa.
The Park nature reflects his temporary position between East and West Africa, the Sahel and the rainforests. The contains the richest flora of the country, including about 57 species of mammals that are well protected in the past. In this respect, on the rich savannas of Africa. Some of the important large mammals in terms of conservation live in the Park, such as black rhino, elephant, hippopotamus, red facade gazelle- (here in the southern boundary of the range), lion, leopard, cheetah and wild dogs. There are large concentrations of herbivores, including buffalo, Buffon the kob top-up, waterbuck, and red hartebeest. Approximately 320 species of birds have been recorded in the Park, of which at least 25 species of raptors. Flood Plains in the north of the Park are especially suitable for water birds, and the shoebill is observed in the Park.
With a total area of 1,740,000 hectares, the Park is almost completely surrounded by the game reserves of Ouandija-Vakaga and Aouk-Aoukalé (480,000 ha and 330,000 ha respectively), that an effective protection against threats to the property of the surrounding areas. Other hunting areas and reserves are also connected to the building, resulting in a contiguous area of about 80,000 km2 of protected areas. The property is large enough to allow for a kind of viability. Nevertheless, the integrity of the Park is a cause for concern as a result of the many threats, poaching in particular (in particular of rhino, elephant and giraffe) and grazing. The lack of protection and management of land measures was also pointed out at the time of the incorporation of the property.
Wide Report
The area covers most of the eastern end of Bamingui-Bangoran Province in the north of the country, on the international border with Chad. The limits on three sides of the park is formed by the international border, the eastern and southern borders of the province, while the western boundary is marked in particular by the Manovo River. The park consists of three parts: the floodplain of the Bahr Aouk and Bahr Kameur rivers in the north, in the Massif des Bongo in the south, and a hilly plain transitional period between. The low-lying areas, which are season flooded, enjoy a delicious, deep, alluvial soils, although drainage in these areas can be very bad. This provides a flat plain with grove, usually ferrous and well-drained soil, in which some areas, in particular the depressions, developed or lateritic ironstone mines shield, which woody vegetation is remarkably thin or absent. The massif, which is separated from the plain of the llangattock escarpment, is mainly consists of sandstone and is extremely dissected his subjects into. Five major rivers walk down from the massif central through the park to the Bahr Aouk and Bahr Kameur. These are the Vakaga, Goro, and Manovo Gounda, Koumbala. However, the power can be interrupted at the end of the dry season, and can, in fact, only in the Bahr Aouk and Bahr Kameur during the wettest months.
The dominant vegetation type during a large part of the park is wooded Sudanese-Guinean savannah which can be divided into five categories: Terminalia laxiflora wooded savannah; Isoberlinia darkroom and Monotes kerstingii forests; Pseudocedrela kotschyi and Terminalia macroptera forests; mixed lowland forests and wooded savannah and Anogeissus leiocarpus and Khaya senegalensis. The lowland areas are subject to both floods and fire, and this is reflected in the vegetation. Further to the south, the higher ground is covered by bamboo open savannas and forests linked to the hilly area of the river sources.
Different types of particular conservation problem occur within the park: black rhino, elephant, leopard, cheetah and wild dogs, shoebill and crocodiles. Unfortunately, poaching still has an important influence on rhino and elephant numbers, and has in the past both leopard and crocodile. Red facade gazelle-is also to be found in the park at the southern limit.
In the St Floris region, the most abundant large mammal seems kob top-up, with nine other relatively many ungulates such as the diver, waterbuck, hartebeest, oribi, topi, reedbuck, buffalo and Warthog mask. Other notable or remarkable large mammals are hippopotamus, roan antelope, lion, giraffe and giant eland. Less common animals are golden cat, red and yellow covered flanked diver diver. Approximately 320 species of birds have been identified, with at least 25 species of raptor including bataleur and African fish eagle. There are large seasonal populations of pelican and marabou stork and the park can be quite important for both waterfowl and shorebirds.
Historical Data
The national Manovo-Gounda St. -Floris was on May 17, 1979 with a total area of 1,740,00Oha, including the previously designated St Floris National Park and the former Safarafric hunting/tourism concession. A part of the area was designated for the first time as Oubangui-Chari National Park (13, SOOha) on December 10, 1933 and amended Matoumara National Park in 1935. The area was later revised to July 27, 1940 as St Floris National Park with an area of 40.00Oha, extended to 100,700ha in 1960, and again to 277,600ha in 1974. The area previously designated St Floris National Park forms the northern region of the current park. Registered on the world heritage list in 1988.
Source:whc/unesco
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