Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn In Austria

Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn - Austria

From the 18th century until 1918, Schönbrunn was the residence of the Habsburg emperors. It was designed by the architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Nicolaus Pacassi and is full of excellent examples of decorative art. Together with the gardens, the site of the world's first zoo in 1752, it is a remarkable Baroque ensemble and a perfect example of Gesamtkunstwerk

Wonderful Universal Importance

The site of the Palace and gardens of Schönbrunn is excellent as one of the most impressive and well preserved Baroque ensemble of its kind in Europe. In addition, it is a strong material symbol of the power and influence of the house of Habsburg for a long period in the history of Europe, from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. It is impossible to the gardens of the palace, of which they form a organic expansion: this is an excellent example of the concept was staged, a masterful combination of many art forms.

A small hunting lodge and later summer residence of the Habsburg family was rebuilt after total destruction during the last Turkish attack in 1683. During construction, the project has grown to an Imperial summer residence of the court. As such, the ascent and the splendour of the Habsburg Empire. At the height of Habsburg power at the beginning of the 18th century, when imperial Vienna after the Turkish are reflected regained interpretation in spectacular examples of recently developed baroque art, Schönbrunn is one of the most important construction projects of the capital and residence. The large baroque gardens with their buildings (Gloriette, Roman ruins etc. ) and statuary witnesses of the palace of the english sizes and functions. The original intention, when they were built in the 18th century, was for the glorification of the combining of the house of Habsburg with a tribute to the nature. The Orangery on the east side of the main building is located at 186 m, the longest in the world. The Palm House is an impressive iron frame structure, 114 m long and divided into three sections, founded in 1880 with the latest technology developed in the U.K (England).

The Palace and gardens of Schönbrunn particularly well-preserved example of the Baroque Princely residential ensemble, which was staged an excellent example of a masterful combination of many art forms. The Palace and gardens of Schönbrunn are exceptional on the basis of the evidence which they take over a number of centuries of changes that minor illustrate the taste, interests and aspirations of the successive Habsburg monarchs.

Integrity (2010)

With the exception of a few small changes which dates back to the 19th century, the house has all the elements of the Palace and gardens of Schönbrunn. The property is of such a size offers a full representation of Imperial Palace features. None of the features within the property are threatened. But the visual integrity of the property is vulnerable to highrise developments in Vienna.

Authenticity (2010)

The original building has been extended and amended since it was built, in order to meet the tastes and requirements of successive imperial rulers. There are no major changes in the structures itself because the work on the gables in job of Franz I at the beginning of the 19th century. The decor and furnishings of the Imperial apartments, the theater, the chapel, and other important parts are completely authentic. The structure of the baroque park layout is also virtually untouched and traditional 18th century techniques are still in use for trimming are trees and shrubs. Schönbrunn was if it were frozen in time in 1918 it was the property of the Republic of Austria. Since that time, the form in which they were kept in 1918 is true, both in the original substance, decoration and in the recovery after war damage. The complex of the Royal Palace and park can be considered as an excellent example of Was Staged because of the way in which it has maintained the originality of the architecture, the design and the design of the Palace and the spatial and visual relationship between the buildings on the park.

Wide Report

Schönbrunn is of outstanding universal value as a particularly well-preserved example of the Baroque princely residential ensemble. Furthermore, the palace and gardens are exceptional by virtue of the evidence that they preserve of modifications over several centuries that vividly illustrate the tastes, interests and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs.

From the 16th century, the Schönbrunn Palace was the site of a former hunting lodge, summer residence of the Habsburg family. After total destruction during the last Turkish attack in 1683 the palace was rebuilt in 1695. The emperor, Leopold I, originally commissioned a chateau de plaisance for grand duke Joseph, the heir to the throne, But dynastic developments during the construction are necessary function to that of an imperial summer residence, and therefore the size to be increased. He remained in that office until the end of the austrian-hungarian Empire. Apart from a few small 19th-century additions, the palace and the gardens were given their entry in the 18th century. The architectural ensemble contains valuable 18th-century interiors. The former apartments of Emperor Franz Joseph in the west wing were adjusted in the 19th century with furniture that also of historical interest.

Schönbrunn was designed by the architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Nicolaus Pacassi and is full of excellent examples of decorative art together with the gardens, the site of the world's first zoo in 1752, it has been a remarkable Baroque ensemble and a perfect example of Gesamtkunstwerk. The largest part of the palace in its current form is largely the work of Pacassi, although the conservation Fischer von Erlach general structure. Access to the piano nobile from the courtyard through a monumental stairway to the impressive Large gallery, which ornately decorated with stucco ornaments and ceiling frescoes symbolise the Habsburg empire.

Behind the hotel is the Small Gallery, which is flanked by two small rooms, the Chinese Round Room and the Chinese Oval Room, both decorated with black and gold spray paint panels and decorated with Japanese ceramics and wood. The Carousel Room adjacent to the great Gallery is the anteroom to the ceremonial hall, remarkable for its series of monumental paintings with events in the long reign of Maria Theresa. Among the most impressive of the rooms in the east wing is the lush Vieux-Laque Room, With its precious oriental paint panels set in walnut panelling surrounded by gilded stucco and extremely ornate furniture; the Napoleon room is decorated with a huge Brussels tapestries; the porcelain is a small space in which the decorative finished wainscoting is painted in blue and white, and decorated with 213 drawings of Franz Stephan and his children. The rooms in the West Wing are Iess richly decorated and were used for household use by members of the imperial family.

The vast baroque gardens and their buildings testify to the uk sizes and functions of the palace; the courtyard gives access to the Palace Chapel and the Palace Theater. The orangery on the east side of the main building is the longest in the world. Built in the middle of the 18th century it was used not only for Maria Theresa's passion, that cultivation of exotic plants, but also for festive events and performances. The Palm House is an impressive iron frame structure and divided into three sections, built in 1880 using the technology developed in the UK. The Schoenbrunn zoo founded by Franz Stephan of Lorraine, husband of the Empress Maria Theresa, in 1752 and the oldest in the world, is on the grounds.

Historical Data

The Katterburg estate, the place of the current Schonbrunn palace, was sold in the mid 16th century in the Klosterneuburg monastery to Emperor Maximilian II, developed as a hunting lodge and installed a menagerie. The buildings were badly damaged in Vienna was dismissed by the Hungarians in 1605; it was only from 1622 that they were restored by the Emperor Ferdinand II. After his death in 1637 has become the Katterburg Anglican Cathedral of St. Paul, the estate of his widow, Eleanora of Gonzaga. The name was changed to Sch6nbrunn (nice spring) in 1642, when a new three-storey chateau de plaisance was built next to the older building.

In 1683 Vienna was besieged by the Turks, who were finally being crushed, but not before they had caused great destruction in the surroundings of the city, including Sch6nbrunn. During the reconstruction after the siege, Emperor Leopold I job to the construction of the Italian-trained architect Johann Bernard Fischer von Erlach to the design of a new building as a residence for his heir, grand duke Joseph. His first draft is now thought to have been prepared simply to demonstrate its capabilities. In doing so, it has been a great success: its design was very admired and many other commissions.

The marriage of Leopold in 1699 caused the second to be adapted, because of a larger state. The construction began in 1696 and Erlach Fischervon personally supervised the work. The central part is complete and habitable by 1700, but further work was brought to an end by the outbreak of the war of the Spanish Succession in 1701 and then by the sudden death of the Emperor Joseph I in 1711. The unfinished building was the residence of the Anglican Cathedral of St. Paul, Empress Amalia Wilhelmine.

When they have acceded to the Imperial throne in 1740, Maria Theresia Schonbrunn chosen as fixed residence, and began a new phase in the life of the palace. Urgent repairs were carried out on the dilapidated buildings in 1742-43, followed by major structural changes, which were carried out in three phases: 1743-49, 1753- 63 and 1764-80. Most of the work in the first two phases was carried out on the design and under the supervision of the architect Nicolaus Pacassi, which had to be, such as Fischer von Erlach, the Imperial and Royal court architect. The largest project of the third phase was the motto of the gardens (the Gloriette, the Neptune Fountain, the 'Roman ruins', the Obelisk * gt; , largely the work of Johann Ferdinand Wien-hetzendorf von Hohenberg.

Maria Theresia's immediate successors uoseph II and Leopold II) showed little interest in Schonbrunn Palace, but it was the summer residence of Franz I (1792-1835), and Franz Joseph (1848-1916) spent much of his life. The latter was responsible for the restoration of the old ROCOCO decor and some other changes. The palace of the architectural history came to an end in 1870 and there are no major changes since that time.

Source:whc/unesco