Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang China

Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang - China

The place of supreme power for more than five centuries (1416-1911), the City Defended in Beijing, with its done up gardens and many buildings (among whom almost 10,000 rooms contain pieces of furniture and works of art), constitutes an invaluable evidence in Chinese civilization during Ming and dynasties Qing. The Imperial Palace of Dynasty Qing in Shenyang is made up of 114 buildings constructed between 1625-26 and 1783. He contains an important library and manifests the foundation of the last dynasty which governed China, before he developed his power of the centre of the country and moved the capital in Beijing. This palace then became auxiliary in the Imperial Palace in Beijing. This architectural remarkable building gives the historical evidence matter in the history of Dynasty Qing and in the cultural traditions of Manchu and others tribes north of China.

Wonderful Universal Importance

As the royal residences of the emperors of the Ming and dynasties Qing of the 15th in 20th century, the Imperious Palaces of Ming and dynasties Qing in Beijing and Shenyang were the centre of state power in last feudal China. The Imperial Palace of Ming and Dynasties Qing in Beijing known as the Defended City was constructed between 1406 and 1420 by the emperor Ming Zhu Di and was witness of the enthronement of 14 Ming and of 10 emperors Qing in the course of next 505 years. The Imperial Palace of Dynasty Qing in Shenyang was constructed between 1625 and 1637 by Nurgaci for aïeuls Nuzhen / Manchu de la Dynastie Qing, which settled in Beijing in 1644. Having so known as the Palace of Houjin or the Shenglin palace, it was then used as the secondary capital and the temporary residence for the royal family until 1911. The Imperious Palaces of Beijing and Shenyang were inscribed on the Worldwide List of Inheritance in 1987 and 2004 respectively.

The forbidden town, laid in the center of Beijing is granting the highest model in the development of old Chinese palaces, insight into the social development of late dynastic China, especially the ritual and court culture. The layout and space classification inherit and showing take up the traditional quality of the urban planning and the palace building in old China, a main axis, symmetrical design and layout of the outside court in the internal and front court in the back in the leading role, and the containment, in addition, the formed courts gärtnerisch which are to be led back on the Yuan Town Lay out. As the model of the old architectural hierarchy, building technologies and architectural art, it influenced official buildings of the following Qing dynasty about a span of 300 years. The religious buildings, especially a row of royal Buddhist rooms within the palace, plentiful qualities of ethnic cultures absorbent, are a report of the integration and the exchange in the architecture under the Manchu, Han, Mongolian and Tibetanisch since the 14-th century. In the meantime, are more than one million valuable royal collections, articles used from the royal family and a big number of archivalischen materials on old technology technologies, including written recordings, drawings and models, proofs of the court culture and the law and the regulations of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The imperial palace of the Qing dynasty into Shenyang, while after the traditions of the palace building in China typical qualities of traditional people's residences of the Manchu keep people, and the architectural arts of Han, Manchu and Mongolian ethnic cultures has integrated. The buildings were put on according to ' eight headlines ' system, a different social organization system in the Manchu society, a classification which is unique under palace buildings. Within the Qingning of palace the sacrificial places state for the emperors to the duty of Shamanism skilledly from the Manchu to people since several hundred years.

Wide Report

The imperial palaces carry unusual report to the Chinese civilization, true reserves of sceneries, architecture, furnishings and the objects of the art, as well as the Enthaltens of unusual proofs to the living traditions and the duty from shamanism skilledly from the Manchu to people since centuries being. They illustrate the grandeur of the imperial equipment of the Qing dynasty to early Ming and Yuan dynasties, as well as Manchu traditions, and present proofs on the evolution of this architecture in the 17th and 18-th centuries. In the center of Beijing to the north of the Tiananmen of square lying, the forbidden town was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now famously as the palace museum that is rectangular in the figure and the biggest palace complex is in the world, 74 ha covering. The Blendwand has a gate on every side and there are towers on each of four corners, views about the palace as well as about the town outdoors granting.

The forbidden city is an extremely formal place: this is almost symmetrical and arranged hierarchically, so that all important buildings cross the center, the north south. The hall of the highest harmony, which to preserve hall of the main harmony and the hall, harmony which enclose the outside palace where the emperor exercised his highest power about the nation, and the hall of the heavenly cleanness, the hall of the union and the hall of the earthly silence, the internal palace extensively where the imperial family, stand lived in a line on the south to the north on the main axis. According to the Geomantie the main gate is in the south, and the northern side 'is 'protected' by the artificial coal hill. The buildings of the forbidden town completely take up the artistic qualities and style of the old Chinese palace architecture, and can be called a masterpiece in Chinese, even world, architectural history.

In 1406 the Ming dynasty emperor Zhu Tu ordered the building of an imperial palace: his building began in 1407 and was completed in 1420. The necessary stone became from Fangshan, a suburb of Beijing in the stone quarry worked: for 20,000 farmers to be in the state, to move a huge stone cylinder in winter engineers created a gigantic ice path by flowing out liquid water on the icebound ground, and thousands of horses pulled the stone about the ice to the center of Beijing. Wood was even more difficult to move. Gigantic trees in the Sichuan province were felled for the main halls, but it was thought that they were too big to move. Workers had to wait, to pelting rain washed the block in rivers where boaters steered them in the great canal, of where they allow to swim the north to Beijing and were towed in the castle park.

The imperial palace of the Qing dynasty in Shenyang exists of 114 buildings; it contains an important library and states to the foundation of the last dynasty which ruled over China, before it spread out his power to the center of the land and moved the capital to Beijing. Then this palace became an auxiliary verb for the imperial palace in Beijing. This noteworthy architectural impressive building offers important historical report of the history of the Qing to dynasty and to the cultural traditions of the Manchu and other trunks in the north of China.

Work began with the construction of the palace in 1625, and it was completed in 1636. Although looks to be a miniature of the forbidden town in Beijing, the Shenyang palace is smaller comparatively in the scale. The Manchurian influence behind his building also shows a departure in the style of his predecessor. The main architecture on the main axis is the Chong Zheng Dian where the Emperoro looked after his political affairs (this is where Juchen Manchu was renamed). Behind are Feng Huang Lou (tower of phoenix) and Qing Ning gong (palace of the heavenly peace) in which he and his concubines lived. Because Zheng Dian (hall of big affairs) is the main building on the east axis. Before the hall there are eight pavilions where the Manchurian family men assembled to discuss state affairs and for other important ceremonies.

Source:whc/unesco