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| Semmering Railway - Austria |
The initial part of the Semmering railway civil engineering in one of the greatest achievements of 41 km of high mountains in 1848 and 1854. High quality tunnels, viaducts and other works of art have been ensuring continuity in the line is still in use today. He passed through the spectacular mountain scenery, there are many beautiful architectural design sideway the roads, recreation of the space opened by the arrival of the railways.
Wide Report
The Semmering rail characterizes excellent technical solutions for outsized railway construction in large physical problems. The initial phase of railway civil engineering construction of one of the greatest achievements of railway 41 km of high mountains between 1848 - 1854. High quality tunnels, viaducts and other art have ensured continuous use up to now. In addition, the construction is more accessible and beautiful nature reserve has been developed for residential and recreational use, so a new form of cultural landscapes.
The transport path of the valley of the Mürz to Viennese depression has been used since the prehistory. At the middle age it was looked as one of few sure Alpine crossings. Transport is possible with beasts of burden and cars pulled from oxen, and it had become one of the most important international fastened ways of Venice from the 12-th century. However, the Semmering a lot from his trade had lost in the 15-th century as a result of the opening of the distiller and Radstatter Trauem ways further to the south. In 1728 emperor Karl Vl ordered to be improved, in the commercial as well as military street, what an Austria with Miserably as Venice (consequently his name, the Trieste way).
The biggest part of the main entrance of the tunnel is easy however gigantic designs and is decorated with several opportunities. Support structures are mainly in the stone, but stone was used for the curves of the viaducts and the tunnel veneer. The houses of the 57-2-storied companions, laid 700 ms of space which is a very typical quality of the Semmering line are built by the rushed remains masonry with the Ziegelzurichten. A little remains from the original stations which were planned more not originally than Sectioning points and watering points, but later was converted into more impressive structures as holiday traffic has increased.
The appearance of the whole line was significant between 1957 and 1959, as accumulating in memory the contact stripe was which are necessary as a result of the conversion for electric railroad engines. Semmering passport itself is known for the ' summers ' architecture of the villas and hotel which were built for a Viennese broad society between Gloggnitz and the town by Schottwien in picturesque positions. It was one of the first artificial Alpine resorts in decades after the opening of the railroad line. This process began for this project, began with the development of Reichenau one of the Rax and brook Payer on the northwest of Gloggnitz as travel areas in first decades of the 19-th century.
Romantic Historizismus influenced the appearance of the villas and hotel built in this area which there is several Gothic history and Renaissance history. The precipitous gable lid rose and fantastic decorated ' Swiss chalet ' also by many master builders. Semmering passport itself was not concerned by the travel development a time after line open in 1854. The southern railroad Company, machine operator of the line in this time, began with the development in 1880 in persisting the court sculptor Franz Schönthaler with the building of the Semmering hotels. However, it was Schönthaler private villa in the south of the hotel that the strongest influence on the architecture along the Semmering. The use of the traditional Alpine wood frame building by his architect, Franz von Neumann, was seized by other sponsors keenly, and the ' Semmering of style ' ruled in in the last part of the 19-th century to put up buildings.
The route of transport of the valley of the Miirz to Viennese depression has been used since the prehistory. At the middle age it was looked as one of few sure Alpine crossings. Transport is possible with beasts of burden and from oxen for pulled car. It was one of the most important international country roads to Venice from the 12-th century. However, the Semmering a lot from his trade had lost in the 15-th century as a result of the opening of the distiller and Radstatter Trauem ways further to the south. In 1728 emperor Karl VI ordered to be improved, in the commercial as well as military street, what an Austria with Miserably as Venice, consequently his name, the ' Trieste way. '. In 1841 the precipitous northern approach was turned, the increase of about 5 permitting. The new accesibility of the area what an artist and poet there, in order the wild nature as well as to enjoy drawing essential business dealings like the industrial revolution in the area.
The first railroad line (pulled horse) of every meaning on the European continent was opened in 1824-32 between Linz and Budweis (Cesk6 Budejovice), and in 1837 saw the installation of the line pulled by railroad engine between village Floris and German Wagram. The line going after the south of the Wiens-Gloggnitz opened in 1841, and the part of Miirzzuschlag to Graz was added in 1844, a gap on the difficult Semmering distance leaving. The line became later southward to Cilli in 1846 an airport in Ljubljana (Ljubljana) in 1849, and, in the end, about difficult karst scenery to Trieste in 1857 enlarged.
The first plan for the crossing of the Sernmering where 1:30 increase, became in 1841, however, not raised followed for technical reasons. The project was in 1842 when Carlo Ghega the main inspector of the southern line, between Vienna and Trieste was appointed. He began with a visit after the UNITED STATES where he studied 39 lines of 2,413 kms. This showed him that the technical problems are quite exceedable in the first plan, and he began to overlook possible ways by the Semmering. Since no reliable maps were available, he had to explain a full examination of the area; in particular the Stampfer'sche Nivellier high brought him to the development the difficult area of new measured instruments, - and Liingenmessinstrument, uses to measure height and distance which was important tools in geodetics.
Work done in different ways, before you dine on one 1846. This, was 1200 ms long with 22 big bridges and viaducts and tunnel, laid just under the passport 42 kms long; although not the lightest way which was workable in the light of the technological restrictions of the day, in particular the lack of strong explosive materials for the tunnel construction mostly. His project plan was completed in 1847, but his work does not start immediately because Ghega was occupied with the building of the line between Cilli and airport in Ljubljana. His project very much which opposition was a tree nurseryman, projects with the essential long time employment against, however, in June, 1848 by the new minister of public works, Andreas. In spite of a storm of the protest, both experts and the press began in August, 1848. The complete trip is divided into fourteen chapters by which was entrusted with every one separate society. At the beginning 1007 men and 414 women were used to increase to more than 20,000 in the advanced work.
The maximum inclination corner 1:25 and the extremely small radius bends calls after a new type of the railroad engine, and four societies this public procurement in 1850. None of the entries was looked as suitable for the mass production, although they correspond to the technical requirements, And thus job union of Wilhelm von Eggerth the best qualities of all these people in a new rotation. The result big success was successful and 26 engines were done immediately. A lot of progress with the result which the transport of passengers and goods on the line could begin on time on the 17th July, 1854 did construction work on the line and the manufacturing of railroad engines and rolling camp.
Source:whc/unesco
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